It is said that one day the Umayyad Prince, and later Caliph, Hisham ibn ‘Abd al-Malik was at Hajj performing his pilgrimage. The crowd was suffocating and no matter how hard he tried, he was unable to approach the Black Stone to pay his respects. Out of frustration, he erected himself a throne and wasContinue reading “Al-Farazdaq replies to Umayyad Caliph Hisham”